The 28th of August is the day that the city of Groningen commemorates the end of the Siege of Groningen, more colloquially known as Bommen Berend. So how did this local holiday become a tradition?
Translation by Traci White
This story was originally published on 28 August 2018. It has been updated.
Bommen Berend (“Bombing Bernard”) is the nickname for the former bishop of Munster, Bernard van Galen. The year of 1672 was disastrous for the Dutch Republic: there were simultaneous attacks from England, France, the archbishop of Cologne and the bishop of Munster. Bernard van Galen attempted to besiege Groningen, but the city was able to put up a good fight under the leadership of another German man, Carl von Rabenhaupt.
Groningen’s ability to withstand the onslaught meant that the Republic was better able to respond to ongoing attacks from France and England. If Groningen had fallen during the siege in 1672, the province may very likely be speaking German today and have become a Catholic stronghold like Munster.
Christoph Bernhard Freiherr von Galen (usually referred to as Bernard van Galen) (Drensteinfurt, 12 October 1606 – Ahaus, 19 September 1678), became the bishop of Munster in 1650 and the abbot of Corvey in 1663. Von Galen was a famous German warlord who invaded the Netherlands twice: once in 1665 and again in the so-called disaster year of 1672. His territory along the German border stretched from Zutphen in the south to the the Dollard bay in the north (with the exception of Lingen and Bentheim).
Von Galen was an absolutist ruler who limited the power of the guilds in Munster when they sought an alliance with the Hanseatic cities. Von Galen also succeeded in kicking out the Swedish, Hessian and Holland forces in Germany at the time. Today, Bommen Berend is best known for laying siege to the cities of Groenlo, Bredevoort, Coevorden and Groningen. Throughout his diocese, Von Galen proved himself to be a formidable representative of the counterreformation with a strong emphasis on helping the poor and improving education.
What’s up with the nick name?
Von Galen has a well-known preference for the smell of gun powder over incense, and that predilection towards violence over peaceful prayer is reflected in the name he is known by nowadays: Bommen Berend. He had plenty of other nicknames, including the Bishop of Cannons and the Bishop of Swine: in satirical publications of the day, the Hothead of Westfalen was depicted as riding a swine (the British drew him as a dog, and the French chose a rooster to symbolise him). Von Galen was even occasionally described as The Beast from the book of Revelations in the bible.
RUG to host lectures on Groningens Ontzet
If you have just happened to move to the city of Groningen or have never heard of the story of Groningen’s liberation, you now have the chance to learn all about this historic day. On Saturday, August 26th, the University of Groningen will open the Academy Building from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. and hosts a variety of events in both English and Dutch.
These include flash lectures on the liberation day, the infamous Bommen Berend, and a pop-up exhibition. The event is free to attend but some activities do require you to sign up beforehand. You can check out the full schedule here.
It is not liberation day without a party
While the university hosts educational workshops on Saturday, Sunday gives everyone the opportunity to celebrate the significant date. As reported by Sikkom, Vismarkt will turn into a massive party that features some of the most iconic Dutch folk artists.
The festivities begin at 2 p.m. with a DJ performance. The giant screens set up will then be changed to a Formula 1 viewing party as the Dutch Grand Prix comes to Zandvoort before a few performances close out the Sunday.
The party really kicks off on Monday, the actual date of Groningens Ontzet, as the Radio NL Summer Tour visits Groningen. A total of 25 icons from Dutch music will perform from 5 p.m. all the way until 11 p.m. to ensure that Groningen’s liberation day is celebrated to the fullest.
The event is free to attend and will also be hosted at Vismarkt. You can check out the full programme here.
